World Population Projected to Reach 9.8 Billion in 2050.

“These Are Significantly Impacts and Influence Us and Our Services That Radically Needs the World”.

“Globally, in the 1950’s one-third (1/3) of the world population live in urban areas. Today, where over one-half (1/2) too, and by 2050, will be 6.3 billion or two-thirds (2/3 of 9.8B) of the world population who will live and work in urban areas. That’s why we are to engage the new people who are moving to cities and being born there. The next generation at the power, promise and challenges of capabilities of the cities have been that being important. Cities also hold great economic hubs greater than ever. Politically and culturally cities are vanguard openness”.

“World population projected to reach 9.8 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100”.

Similarly, Africa continues to experience high rates of population growth. Between 2017 and 2050, the populations of 26 African countries are projected to expand to at least double their current size.

The concentration of global population growth in the poorest countries presents a considerable challenge to governments in implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which seeks to end poverty and hunger, expand and update health and education systems, achieve gender equality and women's empowerment, reduce inequality and ensure that no one is left behind.

The report highlights that a drop in the fertility level results not only in a slower population growth, but also in an older population. Compared to 2017, the number of persons aged 60 or above is expected to more than double by 2050 and more than triple by 2100, rising from 962 million globally today to 2.1 billion in 2050 and 3.1 billion in 2100.

Before and After pictures are striking! We all love to see the transformation of outdated or crumbling public spaces come alive again. Urban Architecture around the world has undergone a major resurgence in the form of re-imaging urban spaces. From entirely new skylines to greener public spaces, we’ve accumulated a collection of 40 examples of amazing urban transformations with the before and after photos.

Get inspired by the “before and after” and think about what’s possible within the ever-changing urban landscapes in your city.

The Climate Urban Transformation

Addressing Climate Change

Slowing climate change is our goal—and it can be achieved via two main strategies. We can either reduce the volume of greenhouse gasses (GHG) in the atmosphere or we can bounce bands of sunlight back into space. The first path—reducing GHG—has been the overwhelming focus of governmental action. And appropriately so. For the past 170 years society has extracted trillions of tons of coal, oil, and gas, burned them, and lofted heat-capturing particles into the atmosphere. We made the problem and we can undo the damage. The second path—reflecting sunlight—has been less explored. Neither the federal government nor the State of California is currently promoting solar-reflection as a means of curbing climate change. While Climate Resolve has won local advances on cool roofs and cool pavements, we did so mainly as a means of protecting communities from extreme heat. Our rapidly expanding civilization has radically altered the earth’s solar energy budget. Society’s use of dark-pigmented materials converts sunlight into heat, much of which is then captured by greenhouse gases and re-radiated back to earth. (The main mechanism of climate change.) In California alone, where there was once grassland and chaparral, we’ve built hundreds of millions of lane miles of dark asphalt streets and millions more asphalt-shingled homes.

Climate Change and Cities

Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network (ARC3.2), 2018

2018, Cambridge University Press

Climate Change and Cities Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network the Urban Climate Change Research Network’s Second Assessment Report on Climate Change in Cities (ARC3.2) is the second in a series of global, science-based reports to examine climate risk, adaptation, and mitigation efforts in cities. The book explicitly seeks to explore the implications of changing climatic conditions in critical urban physical and social infrastructure sectors and intersectoral concerns. The ARC3.2 Report presents downscaled climate projections and catalogs urban disasters and risks, along with the effects on human health in cities. ARC3.2 gives concrete solutions for cities in regard to mitigation and adaptation; urban planning and urban design; equity and environmental justice; economics, finance, and the private sector; critical urban physical and social sectors such as energy, water, transportation, housing and informal settlements, and solid waste management; and governing carbon and climate in cities. Other key topics include ecosystems and biodiversity, and urban coastal zones. The primary purpose of ARC3.2 is to inform the development and implementation of effective urban climate change policies, leveraging ongoing and planned investments for populations in cities of developing, emerging, and developed countries. This volume – like its predecessor – will be invaluable for a range of audiences involved with climate change and cities: Mayors, city officials, and policy makers; urban planners; policy-makers charged with developing climate change mitigation and adaptation programs; and a broad spectrum of researchers and advanced students in the environmental sciences.

Citation: Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W., Romero-Lankao, P., Mehrotra, S., Dhakal, S., & Ali Ibrahim, S. (Eds.). (2018). Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network. Cambridge University Press.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND CITIES

Third Assessment Report on Climate Change and Cities (ARC3.3) 2025

Cities have emerged as leaders in both mitigation and adaptation to climate change, and there is a burgeoning interest in their role. A crucial need exists for synthesis of recent research in key areas in order to scale up and speed up the identification, implementation, and assessment of effective climate solutions and successful responses.

ARC3.3 provides the latest synthesis of climate change and cities while offering new scientific research and straightforward urban policy recommendations.

ARC3.3 is an international assessment that represents a collaborative effort of over 300 expert-authors from cities in low, middle, and high-income countries around the world. This peer-reviewed work contains benchmarked knowledge and city projections for urban climate change researchers, city practitioners, and policymakers at all levels of governance to motivate rapid action.

ARC3.3 is published by Cambridge University Press under their Elements Series on Climate Change and Cities. Digital ARC3.3 publications will be available on the Cambridge website beginning mid-February 2025 through late 2026.

Learning from COVID-19 for Climate-Ready Urban Transformatio

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed gaps in city readiness for simultaneous responses to pandemics

Cities have suffered from three years of the COVID-19 pandemic and are increasingly experiencing exacerbated heatwaves, floods, and droughts due to climate change. Going forward, cities need to address both climate and public health crises effectively while reducing poverty and inequity, often in the context of economic pressure and declining levels of trust in government. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed gaps in city readiness for simultaneous responses to pandemics and climate change, particularly in the Global South. However, these concurrent challenges to cities present an opportunity to reformulate current urbanization patterns and the economies and dynamics they enable. This Element focuses on understanding COVID-19's impact on city systems related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and vice versa, in terms of warnings, lessons learned and calls to action. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

BPBA Consultant - 5- Pathways to Urban Transformation

Pathways to Urban Transformation

Five pathways to urban transformation emerge throughout ARC3.2. These pathways provide a foundational framework for the successful development and implementation of climate action. Cities that are making progress in transformative climate change actions are following many or all of these pathways. The pathways can guide the way for the hundreds of cities–large and small/low, middle, and high income–throughout the world to play a significant role in climate change action. Cities that do not follow these pathways may have greater difficulty realizing their potential as centers for climate change solutions. The pathways are:

Pathway 1: Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation are the cornerstones of resilient cities. Integrating these activities into urban development policies requires a new, systems-oriented, multi-timescale approach to risk assessments and planning those accounts for emerging conditions within specific, more vulnerable communities and sectors, as well as across entire metropolitan areas.

Pathway 2: Actions that reduce greenhouse gas emissions while increasing resilience are a win-win. Integrating mitigation and adaptation deserves high priority in urban planning, urban design, and urban architecture. A portfolio of approaches is available, including engineering solutions, ecosystem-based adaptation, policies, and social programs. Taking the local context of each city into account is necessary in order to choose actions that result in the greatest benefits.

Pathway 3: Risk assessments and climate action plans co-generated with the full range of stakeholders and scientists are most effective. Processes that are inclusive, transparent, participatory, multi-sectoral, multi-jurisdictional, and interdisciplinary are the most robust because they enhance relevance, flexibility, and legitimacy.

Pathway 4: Needs of the most disadvantaged and vulnerable citizens should be addressed in climate change planning and action. The urban poor, the elderly, women, minority, recent immigrants and otherwise marginal populations most often face the greatest risks due to climate change. Fostering greater equity and justice within climate action increases a city’s capacity to respond to climate change and improves human wellbeing, social capital, and related opportunities for sustainable social and economic development.

Pathway 5: Advancing city creditworthiness, developing robust city institutions, and participating in city networks enable climate action. Access to both municipal and outside financial resources is necessary in order to fund climate change solutions. Sound urban climate governance requires longer planning horizons, effective implementation mechanisms and coordination. Connecting with national and international capacity-building networks helps to advance the strength and success of city-level climate planning and implementation.

Climate change - A final word on timing:

Cities need to start immediately to develop and implement climate action.

”The world is entering into the greatest period of urbanization in human history, as well as a period of rapidly changing climate. Getting started now will help avoid locking-in counterproductive long-lived investments and infrastructure systems and ensure cities’ potential for the transformation necessary to lead on climate change solution”. - BPBA

The most substantial global power shift has been the world’s urbanization, which took its first significant strides during the 18th century’s industrial revolution. Since 1950, the number of urban dwellers has overtaken rural inhabitants, marking a significant turning point in human history.